USComponent.com

Wednesday, September 27, 2017

REPORTE Y PRONOSTICO DE LOS MODULOS IGBT Y LAS MEJORES MARCAS

El informe de investigación MOSFET de IGBT y Super Junction se centra en los principales líderes empresariales mundiales que presentan información como perfiles de empresa, imagen del producto y especificaciones, volumen, producción, precio, costo, ingresos e información de contacto. También se dan a conocer las materias primas de las aguas arriba, además de los equipos y el análisis de la demanda aguas abajo. Se examinan las tendencias en desarrollo de la industria del MOSFET de IGBT y de Super Junction. En última instancia, la probabilidad de nuevos proyectos de financiación se evalúan y en general IGBT y Super Junction MOSFET investigación conclusiones ofrecidas. Con 150 tablas y cifras, el IGBT y Super Junction MOSFET mercado informe contribuye a las estadísticas clave sobre el medio ambiente de la industria y es una importante fuente de liderazgo y administración para las empresas e individuos que participan en el IGBT y Super Junction MOSFET mercado. Preguntas clave respondidas en este IGBT y Super Junction MOSFET informe de investigación de mercado 2017-2022: ¿Cuál será el tamaño del mercado MOSFET IGBT y Super Junction en 2020 y cuál será la tasa de crecimiento? ¿Cuáles son las principales tendencias del mercado de MOSFET IGBT y Super Junction? ¿Qué está haciendo el mercado de MOSFET de IGBT y Super Junction? ¿Cuáles son las provocaciones al crecimiento del mercado MOSFET de IGBT y Super Junction? ¿Quiénes son los hombres de negocios clave en el espacio IGBT y Super Junction MOSFET? ¿Cuáles son las posibilidades del mercado de MOSFET de IGBT y Super Junction y las intimidaciones a las que se enfrentan los principales proveedores? ¿Cuáles son los poderes y las tendencias de los vendedores IGBT y Super Junction MOSFET mercado clave?

Tuesday, September 26, 2017

IGBT in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Nearly 20 years ago, IGBT modules were first commenced to be used mainly in industrial equipments, and are now being utilized in electric power conversion systems for controlling motors in a wide range of fields, ranging from household appliances such as air conditioners to applications in the railroad industry. In recent years, the extent of automotive applications has been expanded and improvement is aiming to realize IGBT modules having even higher levels of performance. A hybrid vehicle system consists of an electric motor, a battery and an inverter. An electric power conversion system is needed to supply electrical energy from the battery to the motor, and to store energy generated by the motor in the battery. The inverter is used as that power conversion system. IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistor) are one of the most common modules to use as the main switching device in this electric power conversion system. Hybrid systems can be broadly categorized as either a dual-motor system (traction motor and generation motor) focused on travel performance or a single motor system that combines traction and generation functions and that is focused on miniaturization. The single-motor hybrid system, known as a parallel hybrid system (hereafter referred to as a parallel hybrid), is expected to increase in popularity with application to small vehicles where the parallel hybrid advantages of small size and light weight can be fully appreciated.

Monday, September 25, 2017

IGBT with Microwave Oven

Microwave ovens are used to heat foods quickly and conveniently and it has become an inseparable part of our kitchens and offices now-a-days. It is also used for used for stewing, frying, baking, steaming, and fermenting foods. Microwave ovens are designed for tabletop use or for mounting above the range. Microwave ovens heat food by following the principle of dielectric heating using microwave radiation, usually at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, through the food. Water, fat, and other substances in the food, absorb energy from the microwaves resulting in heating. The microwaves interact with the food in a uniform fashion leading to food being more evenly heated throughout. Prior the availableness of the IGBT, the traditional power supply for the magnetron was a ferro-resonant circuit. Although simple in construction, this power supply was heavy and bulky because of the large size and weight of the low-frequency (50-60 Hz) step-up transformer. After the availability of the IGBT, a magnetron power supply based up on using a high frequency inverter was developed. In this new power supply the anode voltage of the Magnetron rises above 3500 volts when the IGBT is turned on allowing it to generate microwave energy. The power delivered by the magnetron can therefore be precisely controlled using the on-time for the IGBT. Using the IGBT-based inverter circuit, the weight of the transformer could be lessened by more than 10-times.

Tuesday, September 19, 2017

IGBT Converters Are Going to be Used For SBB Locos by ABB

For locomotives, which are driven by diesel or electricity, EMU and DEMU vehicles with AC Traction Motors, new microprocessor based AC-AC Traction System (MAS) offers the latest in technology combining IGBT based Traction Converter with DSP and microprocessor based embedded controls. Microprocessor based Locomotive Control system is used in conjunction with IGBT based traction converter to implement this solution.

Federal Railway of Switzerland has granted ABB Switzerland an agreement valued approximately SFr 69.2m ($US 75.4m) to provide latest traction apparatuses for its convoy of 119 Re460 electric locomotives as a section of a SFr 230m middle-life renovation program.

According to this contract, 202 IGBT traction converters will be supplied by ABB with an option for 38 additional units which are water-cooled. As per SSB’s opinion, it will be possible to reduce traction power consumption by 27GWh per year by converting the convoy to IGBT which is sufficient electricity to power 6750 homes.

Latest oil-free dual compressors will be used to equip the Re 460s. These are intended to minimize power dissipation when the locomotives are immobile. Besides this, advantages like advanced air conditioning and heating in the driver's cabs and latest fire safety systems for operation in the Gotthard Base Tunnel can be achieved by using this.

A conventional locomotive will be modernized by using IGBT converters by the end of coming year and will pass through test runs for a year before the left 118 locomotives are updated. The renovations will be executed at SBB's Yverdon-les-Bains workshop and the program is expected to be finished in 2022.

Since the early 1990s, the 200km/h four-axle Re460 has been the base of SBB's long-range convoy. As a segment of the Rail 2000 project to bring up-to-date train services and raise retention on the Swiss mainline network, the locomotives were introduced and these are built by a Swiss consortium of SLM and ABB. It is expected that this modernization program will prolong their operational life by 20 years.

http://www.uscomponent.com had been selling IGBT power transistor modules since 2001. Thyssen Krupp, OTIS, IXYS, SONY DADC, General Motors, Hongkong Electric Holdings Limited, Singapore Mass Rapid Transit Trains LTD, Verkehrsbetriebe Zurich, Czech Airlines, Molex, Cisco, Omron, Good Year Tires, Thai Airasia, Boeing, Xilinx, LEAR SIEGLER, and General Electric.


http://www.uscomponent.com has a Quality Control Team like no other. This means that we know how to work hard in order to ensure to make sure that the quality of all of the parts we’re selling is high. Because we only sell new and original electronic parts, we provide our customers with a 30-day warranty. And because we have connections with IGBT power transistor modules manufacturers, OEMs and distributors, we’re able to pass any savings on to our customers, giving them a lower price while still providing them with the quality products they deserve. Our inventory is carefully managed and held to the highest standards, and stored in a controlled environment warehousing facility.

IGBT with Electric Car

IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) is a comparatively recent device which is well-known for its high efficiency and speedy switching, making it ideal for applications where preserving energy and protecting the environment are critical elements.

It is well cognizant that gasoline power vehicles cause serious urban pollution while consuming a dwindling fossil fuel resource. A resolution to this problem is the deployment of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. Consequently, IGBTs are found in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. Almost all manufacturers are using IGBTs now in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles made by them for delivery and control of power to the motors. This will keep on having a massive impact on the competency of our society to migrate away from gasoline consumption in the time to come.

The main components of an electric car system are an electric motor, a battery and an inverter. The inverter is utilized as an electric power transformation system for providing electrical power from the battery to the motor and for gathering energy produced by the motor in the battery. IGBTs are usually used as the main switching device in this electric power transformation system.

High-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps and super-accurate direct fuel-injection systems have become common in today’s cars and commercial vehicles such as buses and trucks. Their associated electrical drives and controls operate at voltages above 100 V. In HID-lamp ballast, IGBTs are typically used in an H-bridge configuration to manage the operation of the lamp throughout the ignition, warm-up, and run modes. And in direct fuel-injection applications, IGBTs control the high-voltage actuators for piezo elements inside the precision injectors. The injectors deliver fuel typically up to seven times a second and at such highly optimized distribution and density that a direct-injected diesel engine can now return fuel efficiency equal to that of a gasoline hybrid-electric vehicle.

After all we can say the available of IGBTs has been diametrical to the advancement of the hybrid vehicles and to the expansion of the charging substructure for the electric vehicles. IGBTs will carry on playing a significant part in the available of expense reducing technology for the whole hybrid and electric vehicle business.

http://www.uscomponent.com had been selling IGBT power transistor modules since 2001. Its customer includes Toyota, Nissan and ford and other companies in auto industry.


http://www.uscomponent.com have a Quality Control Team like no other. This means that we know how to work hard in order to ensure to make sure that the quality of all of the parts we’re selling is high. Because we only sell new and original electronic parts, we provide our customers with a 30-day warranty. And because we have connections with IGBT power transistor modules manufacturers, OEMs and distributors, we’re able to pass any savings on to our customers, giving them a lower price while still providing them with the quality products they deserve. Our inventory is carefully managed and held to the highest standards, and stored in a controlled environment warehousing facility.

Thursday, September 14, 2017

Use of IGBT in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and UPS

One of the rapidly growing and diversified industries is the automotive manufacturing, which is the largest with a broad extent in consumer preferences for model, easement and innovation. Everyone will profess that severe urban pollution is occurred by the gasoline powered vehicles when these consume dwindling fossil fuel resources. Expansion of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles is the most effective solution of this problem. We have to face serious technological challenges to achieve the worldwide goal to lessen the CO2 discharge and fuel consumption with pioneering endeavors in evolving electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs).

Motor drives based on IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) have been used in all hybrid-electric and electric cars introduced into the market until now. IGBTs play the major role in new powertrain generations like EVs and HEVs to drive the electric motor or gather the energy. IGBTs are vulnerable to heating issues because they run at very high frequencies and under high power. Thermal characterization helps to optimize the IGBTs layout, structure and mounting to optimize its performance.

All hybrid-electric and electric cars that have been introduced into the market so far have relied up on IGBT-based motor drives. In new powertrain generations such as EVs and HEVs, IGBTs play the key role in order to drive the electric motor or store the energy. IGBTs run at very high frequencies and under high power which makes them vulnerable to thermal problems. After all we can say, the availableness of IGBTs has been diametrical to the advancement of the hybrid vehicles and to the expansion of the charging substructure for the electric vehicles. Because of the unique characteristics, IGBTs will continue playing a very important part in the availability of cost deducting technology for the entire hybrid and electric vehicle business.

The manufacturers of Uninterruptible Power Supplies face enormous contest as the UPS market is immensely competitive. Endeavors to uplift the performance and dependability of UPS units are going on constantly. A UPS can survive in the market if the components used in it can keep pace.

Spontaneous control, outstanding switching features and excellent reliability make IGBTs the perfect option today for medium and high-power UPS. These modules greatly enhance UPS performance, specifically in terms of proficiency, acoustic noise, shaped and weight.

In high capacity UPS where the inverter functions between 2 and 4 kHz, the prime benefit of the IGBT is simplification of transistor control (better reliableness). IGBT is comparable to the bipolar transistors in terms of efficiency.

In medium capacity UPS, which are often seen in computer rooms, the acoustic noise criterion makes it essential to eliminate the 50 or 60 Hz transformer and to attach an inverter operating at a frequency of 16 kHz, thus making the IGBT completely inevitable both because of the lessening in number of elements needed to control it and because of the increase in weight and aggregate dimensions.


Exceptional switching speed, effortless control and overload resistance of the IGBT make it a component of noteworthy interest in modern times.

Wednesday, September 13, 2017

Ingredients and Procedures For IC Package Assemblies

In the electronics hierarchy, integrated circuits (IC) can either be considered as the base or the apex and both of these positions are conceivably correct. Being the initial point, primary building block and foundation for majority of modern electronic systems, the IC also stands for the crest in terms of electronic device (i.e. transistor) density. As such, integrated circuits are not radical or monolithic electronic form. According to fulfill the different packaging needs and requirements, there are diverse types of ICs such as: digital, analog, sensor, RF, etc. In this article, we will try to give you a concept about technologies associated to IC packaging, pursuing, the components and methods used to generate these absolutely necessary structures.

Although physical formations, applications and input-output calculations of ICs can be different vastly, the roles and operations of IC packages are lesser in number and more unchanging in purpose. While the IC package has two basic and elementary functions, it has few other roles to play as “keeper of the chip.” The main two functions are: 1) the IC package safeguards the inner die & chip’s circuitry from tangible impairment and from any kind of defilement like moisture and dust and 2) the IC package also helps with redistributing the Input & output of the chips circuitry to a user-friendly component size for use by its end user. Other than these two major roles, a number of potential secondary roles, such as allowing a structure more appropriate for standardization, allowing a fervent heat course away from the chip, providing protection from the probability of errors because of alpha particles and other various radiations, and providing a structure that more handily allows electrical experiment and burn-in by the chip's maker.

The IC package may also be effective to connect more than one IC both directly to one another utilizing standard interconnection technologies like wire bonding, and indirectly utilizing interconnection pathways available on the package such as those used in hybrid IC packages and multi-chip modules (MCMs) and currently in system-in-package (SiP) and other methods covered under the broader concept of volumetric system miniaturization and interconnection (VSMI). The packages also make it simpler to install the ICs in different types of equipment, as every package comprises leads which may be either plugged into corresponding sockets or plugged into mounting frames. Various types of materials are used to manufacture IC packages.


With the escalated interest and expansion of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and lab-on-chip devices, the package provides more capacity, such as localized access to the environment, a necessity for pressure variation, or as needed for chemical or atmospheric condition resolution. There is also increasing interest and activity in the advancement of optoelectronic packages to address the requirements of this growingly significant area of activity. There has been a notable ground shift in modern times related to the significance and spreading role of IC packaging, to the point that the IC package has gained a measure of balance in terms of importance with the IC itself. Because the performance of the IC is gated by the IC package in many cases.

Tuesday, September 12, 2017

Different IC Packages and Details of Dual In-line Package

Like transistors and computer chips, integratedcircuits (ICs) are encased (hermetically sealed) by packages to keep safe the inner chip’s circuitry from tangible impairment and from any kind of defilement like moisture and dust.

For allowing convenient handling and assembly onto printed circuit boards and for keeping safe the devices from any possible damage, integrated circuits are implanted to protective packages. There are a huge number of various types of packages are available. Some of these types have ascertained measurements and endurance which are registered with trade industry associations like Pro Electron and JEDEC. Just one or two manufacturers might make the other types which are proprietary designations. Prior to testing and shipping devices to the customers, integrated circuit packaging is the final assembly method.

Other than these, the IC package also aids with redistributing the Input & output of the chips circuitry to a user-friendly component size for use by its end user, along with allowing a structure more congenial to standardization, allowing a fervent heat course away from the chip, providing safeguard from the likelihood of errors because of alpha particles and other various radiations, and providing a composition that more conveniently allows electrical experiment and burn-in by the chip's maker.

The IC package may also be effective to connect more than one IC both directly to one another utilizing standard interconnection technologies like wire bonding, and indirectly utilizing interconnection pathways available on the package such as those used in hybrid IC packages and multi-chip modules (MCMs).

The packages also make it simpler to install the ICs in different types of equipment, as every package comprises leads which may be either plugged into corresponding sockets or plugged into mounting frames. Various types of materials are used to manufacture IC packages.

Dual in-line package (known as DIP or DIL) is one of the most common among many kinds of IC packages with distinguishable measures, mounting styles, and/or pin-enumerations. In terms of microelectronics, a package of electronic components which has two parallel lines of electrical connecting pins and cased in a rectangular housing is known as dual in-line package. It can be either inserted in a socket or through-hole ascended to a printed circuit board. In 1964, Don Forbes, Bryant Rogers and Rex Rice invented the dual-inline ordination at Fairchild Research & Development. It was during that period, when the limited number of leads obtainable on circular transistor-style packages became a restriction in the application of integrated circuits. Additional signal and power supply leads are needed by the more and more complex circuits (according to the Rent’s rule); in the end, microprocessors and analogous complicated devices needed leads to a greater extent than could be put on a DIP package, which leads to the development of highly dense packages. Moreover, rectangular & square packages made it effortless to route printed-circuit traces underneath the packages.


A DIP is generally mentioned as a DIPn, where n is the aggregate number of pins. We can say for example, a DIP14 microcircuit package would consist of two rows of seven vertical leads. Most common DIP packages have four (lowest) to 64 (at most). Numerous digital and analog IC types are attainable in DIP package forms.

Thursday, September 7, 2017

Different Behaviors of Paralleling IGBTS Published

The paralleling behavior for IGBTs deserves of an special attention that has to be given to the drive circuit, this is due to the variation of the gate threshold voltage of the different chips, simply connecting the gates is not adequate. As they are not just a few of them but several, Instead, each gate has to be driven by its own gate resistor in order to ensure that the chip with the lowest threshold voltage does not clamp the voltage for the others and carry all the current.

The layout of the emitter circuit has to be very symmetrical in order to minimize differences in emitter inductances and resistances. Even minor, unavoidable differences in the emitter inductances and resistances will generate compensation currents between the gate drive emitter connections. It is recommended to use a resistor in the range of at least 0.5 Ohm, but not to exceed approximately 1/3 of the total gate resistance.

The on-state behavior is something more critical when it comes about paralleling igbts. Some devices such as the P700 six-pack suggests a relatively variation in IGBT collector-emitter and diode forward voltage. For the IGBT, the collector-emitter saturation voltage at 25 °C is given as 1.7 V typical and 2.25 V maximum. No value is provided for the minimum voltage. Keeping this in mind, the paralleling of chips cannot be recommended, since the current sharing among the individual IGBTs cannot be ensured. The situation is even worse for the diodes in parallel systems but it can be avoided depending it its final use.

However based in the present times, the actual spread of the devices within one power module is lower than the parallel system users. This is due to the fact that they are picked from locations either exactly next or very close to each other on the same wafer, and will as is stated, feature similar electrical characteristics. Using multiple smaller chips instead of one larger chip improves the thermal behavior, as they doesn`t heat as quickly as a larger one, they tend to devides the heating properties well, This is due to the fact that not only the chip itself, but also a certain area around the chip, will participate in the transfer of heat from the chip to the heatsink. Parallelling systems have improved thermal spreading when using two small chips instead of one large, with in equal total area in both cases.

This case can also be seen when comparing the thermal resistance of the 100 A IGBT in the P569-F module with the 35 A IGBT in the P700-F module. The thermal resistance junction to heatsink for the 100 A the device is 0,57 K/W. The resistance for the single 35 A IGBT is 1,29 K/W, resulting in an resistance of 0,43 K/W, when 3 of them are used in parallel. This provides an improvement of about 25 % in thermal performance,one point for these kind of system, that left behind the more traditional one-module igbt old system,this also compensates for some if not all of the de-rating required due to the non-ideal current sharing.

Monday, September 4, 2017

IGBTs are Helping CNC Machines more Efficient

CNC machines with IGBTs are fast.

The CNC plasma cutting machine is one such device that has made the complex welding process simple and efficient. They are computer numerically controlled machinery which has been of great use to the metal working industry since a long time. Metals are used in every field of our lives making plasma cutter necessary equipment in the metal industry. If you deal with steel or metal, great plasma cutters are definitely music to your ears.

CNC plasma cutters with IGBT transistors are fast and can start cutting instantly. These cutters are multipurpose, susceptible of penetrating and complicated cutting. These are able to cut any metal up to 6" thick precisely. IGBT based plasma cutters are better than MOSFET based cutters in many aspects. With paralleled MOSFETs, if one of the transistors activates prematurely it can lead to a cascading failure of one quarter of the inverter. A later invention, IGBTs, is not as subject to this failure mode. IGBTs can be generally found in high current machines where it is not possible to parallel sufficient MOSFET transistors.

IGBT plasma cutters are more costly but if you give emphasis on the cutting speed and quality then it’s the ultimate choice for you.

No preheating is necessary, so the torch can start cutting instantly. With speeds up to 500IPM, it can rival laser cutters based on the type of part. These cutters are versatile, capable of piercing, complicated cutting and beveling in one process. These can successfully cut any electrically conductive metal up to 6" thick. Precision cutting is one of the attributes of CNC plasma cutters. These machines are paired with state of the art software and high accuracy components; the want for expensive secondary operations is eliminated. The torch head is computer controlled, making clean, sharp cuts. Tight integration between the cutting torch and software results in high superiority manufacture, high cut quality, fewer dross and high superiority edges. An IGBT based CNC engine may seem complex, the CNC (computer numerically controlled) software takes most of the guess work out of cutting. With a state of the art package, even a first time worker is capable of creating wonderful outcome. The machines are safe too, most systems offer an exhaust or down draft system to draw smoke away from the operator.

IGBT based plasma cutters create a warmth affected region and harden the edges of the material being cut. Many plasma cutting parts contains some dross that wants to be cleaned from the part but this has been minimized with today's plasma cutting systems with elevated performance. CNC plasma cutters can cost more, but faster cutting speed and higher cut quality permit for earlier making with less labor intensive secondary operations. The long term efficiency and accuracy are elements which figure into the overall price of a plasma cutter, not simply the price.

http://www.uscomponent.com had been selling IGBT power transistor modules since 2001. Thyssen Krupp, OTIS, IXYS, SONY DADC, General Motors, Hongkong Electric Holdings Limited, Singapore Mass Rapid Transit Trains LTD, Verkehrsbetriebe Zurich, Czech Airlines, Molex, Cisco, Omron, Good Year Tires, Thai Airasia, Boeing, Xilinx, LEAR SIEGLER, and General Electric.

http://www.uscomponent.com has a Quality Control Team like no other. This means that we know how to work hard in order to ensure to make sure that the quality of all of the parts we’re selling is high. Because we only sell new and original electronic parts, we provide our customers with a 30-day warranty. And because we have connections with IGBT power transistor modules manufacturers, OEMs and distributors, we’re able to pass any savings on to our customers, giving them a lower price while still providing them with the quality products they deserve. Our inventory is carefully managed and held to the highest standards, and stored in a controlled environment warehousing facility.


Sunday, September 3, 2017

IGBT Power Transistor Modules with Elevators

Elevators or lifts are very essential in our life because of their efficiency in moving people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure. We can’t imagine a high rise building without elevator now-a-days.

But elevators weren’t like this in the past what we see today. Elevators have reached in this stage by going through an evolution. Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo. The Equitable Life Building completed in 1870 in New York City was the first office building to have passenger elevators. The first electric elevator was manufactured by Werner von Siemens in 1880 in Germany.

The prime objective of an elevator renovation is to allow the building to stand against with other new buildings and existing buildings that have already been updated. Once a wave of remodelling or comprehensive new building starts in the core of the city it is hard for any building owner to resist the tendency to renovate. He thinks that if he does not follow the trend, his building is left with a second-rate image.

Over the last fifteen years, there have been major modernizations in the controls of traction elevators. Implementation of IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), closed loop feedback speed controls and microprocessor logic have played a major role in this update. Each of these modifications is aimed to enhance the reliability and execution as well as eliminating continuous adaptation requirements. Besides this, there has been progressive emphasis on ride attribute and noise levels. Because of these developments, there is a clear difference between elevators settled today as compared to one settled 25 years before.

The IGBT power transistor modules are a high performance 6th generation IGBT/FWD chipset with a compact design that provides for greater power output. It has environmentally friendly modules with easy assemblage, solder-free options, and RoHS compliance. The IGBT turn-on switching characteristics include: improved noise-loss trade-off, reduced turn-on dv/dt, and excellent turn-on dic/dt. Turn-off switching characteristics include: soft switching behavior and turn-off oscillation free.

www.USComponent.com had been selling IGBT power transistor modules and serving elevator industry since 2001. Its customer includes Schindler Elevator Corporation, Otis, ThyssenKrupp, Hitachi, Toshiba, Mitsubishi Electric, Kone, and Fujitec.


www.USComponent.com have a Quality Control Team like no other. This means that we know how to work hard in order to ensure to make sure that the quality of all of the parts we’re selling is high. Because we only sell new and original electronic parts, we provide our customers with a 30-day warranty. And because we have connections with IGBT power transistor modules manufacturers, OEMs and distributors, we’re able to pass any savings on to our customers, giving them a lower price while still providing them with the quality products they deserve. Our inventory is carefully managed and held to the highest standards, and stored in a controlled environment warehousing facility.